Armenia is situated at a cultural, historical, and religious crossroads between Europe and Asia. Ancient geographers referred to the Armenian Highlands as a "Mountainous Island." Indeed, the country's average elevation exceeds one and a half kilometres, sitting at roughly 1,800 meters above sea level. Today's Republic of Armenia remains landlocked, despite the fact that de jure, the Republic of Armenia spans a larger territory and possesses access to the Black Sea.

Armenia's landscapes are incredibly beautiful. The country features seven major types of landscapes distributed across various altitudinal zones. These desert, semi-desert, forest, subalpine, and alpine zones form a geography that encompasses high mountains, fertile valleys, stunning scenery, basalt columns, cliffs covered in ancient petroglyphs, and roaring waterfalls. More than 200 rivers and streams with steep gorges and rapid currents flow across the territory. Armenia is also home to 5 picturesque canyons. Additionally, the country boasts over 200 therapeutic mineral springs, each varying in taste, mineral composition, and temperature.

The Armenians, being one of the oldest civilisations to live and create within their native cradle, call their country "Hayastan" and themselves "Hay." Folklore links the origins of the Armenian people to Hayk, a direct descendant of Japheth (Habeyt), the son of the forefather Noah. According to the medieval Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi, the dawn of Armenian history is marked as August 11, 2492 BC. On this day, Hayk, the legendary patriarch of the Armenian people, defeated the Assyrian tyrant Bel in the Battle of Hayots Dzor, laying the foundation for independent Armenian statehood and the wealth of the Haykazuni dynasty. The country was named Hayk. Unsurprisingly, in Ancient Armenia, August 11 was celebrated as the start of the New Year. This day is observed as a holiday called Navasard, a name shared by the first month of the ancient calendar.

According to the prominent 7th-century Armenian geographer Anania Shirakatsi, Navasard was the daughter of Hayk Nahapet (Hayk the Patriarch). In this context, Hayk may have been revered as a supreme deity who ruled over time. This is why Armenian priests named the months of the year after Hayk's children: Navasard, Hori, Sahmi, Tre, Kaghots, Arats, Mehekan, Areg, and others. Although these names do not perfectly match the names of Hayk's children known to us from Movses Khorenatsi's history, it was a widely accepted tradition in the Middle Ages.

According to Agathangelos, it was on the day of Navasard that Saint Gregory the Illuminator spent an entire day baptising King Trdat, the royal family, and the royal court in the waters of the Aratsani River. The festival of Navasard was dedicated to Vanatur, the patron of fertility and harvest, as well as the god of hospitality. The Navasard celebrations lasted from the 1st to the 6th day of the month and were also dedicated to Aramazd, the father of the gods.

As the indigenous people of the land of Ararat, the descendants of Hayk forged their national identity through the rise of powerful Armenian kingdoms, the adoption of Christianity as Armenia's state religion, and the creation of the Armenian alphabet, which catalysed the growth of literature, philosophy, and science.

Armenia has weathered numerous periods of prosperity and upheaval throughout its millennia-long history. Notably, Armenia reached the pinnacle of its power during the reign of Tigranes the Great. Under his rule, Armenia became the most powerful state in Western Asia, directly challenging the eastward expansion of the Roman Republic. Another critical chapter in Armenian history is the era of the Cilician Kingdom. Following the fall of the Ani Kingdom, the Armenian crown was transferred from Ani to Sis, and the centre of the Armenian Catholicosate moved from Etchmiadzin to Hromkla. Over its roughly 300-year history, Cilician Armenia emerged as one of the most powerful states in the Mediterranean, playing a massive role in international trade between the East and the West. After the fall of the kingdom, the title of the ruler of Armenia passed from the Lusignans to the Italian royal House of Savoy. This was one of the most powerful and influential dynasties in Europe and Italy, ruling the unified Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946. During this period, Victor Emmanuel II and subsequent heirs to the throne officially bore the title "King of Italy, Jerusalem, and Armenia" (Latin: Rex Italiae, Hierosolymae et Armeniae). Members of the dynasty still hold this royal title to this day.

The next pivotal period for Armenia was the restoration of its independence on May 28, 1918, following a long hiatus and the horrors of the Armenian Genocide. Despite its brief history of about two years, the Republic of Armenia was recognised by the United States, the League of Nations, and the Allied Powers. It achieved major milestones in securing Armenian independence, restoring the rights of the Armenian people, and advancing culture, science, and the reunification of Armenian lands. The natural development and prosperity of the country were abruptly cut short by the Russo-Turkish occupation and annexation in 1921, during which the Republic of Armenia was occupied and partitioned.

Continuing its relentless struggle for liberation, on August 23, 1990, the Supreme Council of Armenia adopted the Declaration of Independence of Armenia, paving the way for the modern restoration of Armenian statehood.